[Information technology[IT]: a new revolution in urban health development]

Urban health is one of the challenges of the 21st century. Rapid growth and expanding urbanization have implications for health. In this regard, information technology can remove a large number of modern cities' problems. Therefore, the present article aims to study modern information technologies in the development of urban health. This is a review article based on library research and Internet searches on valid websites such as Science Direct, Magiran, Springer and advanced searches in Google. Some 164 domestic and foreign texts were studied on such topics as the application of ICT tools including cell phones and wireless tools, GIS, and RFID in the field of urban health in 2011. Finally, 30 sources were used. Information and communication technologies play an important role in improving people's health and enhancing the quality of their lives. Effective utilization of information and communication technologies requires the identification of opportunities and constraints, and the formulation of appropriate planning principles with regard to social and economic factors together with preparing the technological, communication and telecommunications, legal and administrative infrastructures

[ amount and causes deductions of bills in Tehran university of medical sciences hospitals]

Annually, large amounts of fees that paid by hospitals will not be reimbursed as deductions by health insurances and takes irreparable financial losses to hospitals. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of deductions imposed on hospital bills of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and their causes related to documentation. The present research was a cross-sectional and descriptive study performed in year 2009 on educational hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All deductions reports related to Medical Services and Social Insurance related to year 2008 was collected from Income Unit of hospitals. The amount of deduction of each hospital was extracted and organized in the form of comparative tables. Data was analysed by descriptive statistics and Excel application. Then, the amount, type and causes of annually deduction of each hospital was determined. Most deductions imposed on inpatient bills have been related to the tests, appliances, medicine, residency, surgeon commission, and anesthesia and for outpatient bills have been related to visit, tests and medicine which most of them have been created due to documentation deficiencies. Most of deductions are due to unfamiliarity of care staff with documentation requirements of insurance organizations. Therefore it is necessary to use a multi-aspect mechanism including education of documentation principles to staff, supervision on record control in the Medical Record Unit and establishment of a committee by university for related activities

[ survey of clinical informations system process in general hospitals of Tehran university of medical sciences]

The benefits of a unique computerized medical records and communication equipments is utilized to collect, storage, process, extract and relate to patient care information and management information. If this utilization is in accordance with the needs of managers and staff of medical records, many of the nation's health system problems will be dissolved. Information systems in health supply system by compiling, analyzing and publishing data provide utilization of information improve the health of the society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of clinical information systems in general hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences based on available clinical information system in these hospitals. This descriptive study is an application study that conducted in order to determine the process of clinical information system in general hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences based on available clinical information in these hospitals. The required data have been collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. With regard to the current condition and the importance of survey of the process of clinical information system in the studied hospitals, the authors provided the desired checklist in general hospitals with studying the related system in America, Australia and England countries, on the basis of country requirements in the form of clinical information system processes. We studied clinical information system processes in departments of admission, filling and retrieving, statistical and coding and also soft wares in this department. It is necessary to create a coordinated and integrated clinical information system with suitable process and empower experts in the field of proper use of data with regard to the position of information system in each organization and its fundamental role in the adoption of accurate policies. We found that relative frequency of clinical information system processes is more than 60% in this department and clinical information system elements was observed 75% in all the departments except admission

prevalence of infected stones in the urinary tract and their relationship to urease positive bacteria

To determine the prevalence of infected stones in the urinary tract and their relationship to urease positive bacteria and whether a positive urine culture signifies infected stone profile. This study was conducted on 168 patients [116 males and 52 females] with a mean age of 37 years. The analysis was performed on: [1] Urine specimen before operation, [2] Urine around the stone before stone retrieval and [3] Stones. Urine and stone culture was performed on blood agar [BA] and Eosin Methylene Blue [EMB] for gram staining, Brucella agar enriched with vitamin K and Thioglycolate medium for anaerobics and uroplasma urealyticum inside PPLO culture. Urease was determined on urea broth and urea agar media. Chemical analysis of the stone was done by Merck kit. Seven cases of culture were positive for infected stones [64%] while 6 cases of non-infected stones grew microorganisms [3.8%]. Infected stones comprised 6.5% of all the stones. Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most commonly encountered bacteria [18%]. Urease positive bacteria were found to be 54.5% in the infected stones and 6% in the non-infected stones. Urine and stones samples showed that only 14.5% had the same type of bacteria. Other factors besides bacteria play a role in stone formation in the urinary tract and infected stones can be produced in non-infected urine also